3.结尾段写法
结尾段的写作方法可以归纳为下列若干种：
1)总结归纳
简要总结归纳文章要点，以便深化主题印象。
例：In conclusion I would like to say that change is a problem confronting most of us today. The changes which have already taken place in every field of our life are irreversible. Continuation of the growth which has already begun is inevitable. During this evolution there are great rewards to be won—by those who are willing to take the opportunities being offered.
2)重申主题
再次强调和确定文章开头阐述的中心思想。
例：Admittedly, science has created atomic bombs and produced pervasive pollution. But it has transformed the lives of millions of people. It has multiplied man’s energy, hopes, ambitions and understanding. It has elevated and will continue to elevate man intellectually and spiritually.
3)预测展望
立足当前，放眼未来。
例：It is time that the government should speak out against corruption and take strong action to punish whoever takes bribes or embezzles fund. For present official corruption, if permitted to continue, will not only tarnish the government’s popularity, but lead to its ultimate downfall.
4)提出建议
提出解决问题的途径、方法或呼吁人们采取相应的行动。
例：College athletics plays such a vital role that it deserves close attention and persistent effort. It is suggested that physical training should be regarded as a required course wedgedsintoscollege curricula, however crowded it may be, and that a fair share of college budget should be devoted to athletic programs. We sincerely hope that this suggestion will be a commitment that all colleges and universities will take up.
5)提出问题
提出具有发人深省的问题，从而突出中心思想。
例：Old people may choose to live alone for themselves and even embrace this living pattern. But in the deep part of their hearts, they must feel lonely. They need their children to stay with, to talk with, and take care of them. Why can’t young people think of the days when they are getting old?
6)引用格言
用格言、谚语或习语总括全文中心思想。
例：Many yeas ago, a great philosopher Francis Bacon remarked that“Knowledge…is power.”This can now be translatedsintoscontemporary terms. In our social setting,“Knowledge is change”—and accelerating knowledge-acquisition, fueling the great engine of technology, means accelerating change.
7)结尾段的核心句型
From what has been discussed above (Takingsintosaccount all these factors / Judging from all evidence offered), we may safely draw (reach / come to / arrive at) the conclusion that….
All the evidence (analysis) supports (justifies / confirms / warrants / points to) a(n) unshakable (unmistakable / sound / just) conclusion that….
It is high time that we place (lay / put) great (special / considerable) emphasis on the improvement (development / increase / promotion) of….
It is high time that we put an end to the deep-seated (unhealthy / undesirable / deplorable) situation (tendency / phenomenon) of….
We must look (search / call / cry) for an immediate action (method / measure), because the present (current) situation (phenomenon / tendency / state / attitude) of…, if permitted (allowed) to continue (proceed), will surely (certainly) lead to (result in) the end (destruction / heavy cost) of….
There is no easy (immediate / effective) solution (approach / answer / remedy) to the problem of…, but…might be useful (helpful / beneficial).
No easy method (solution / recipe / remedy) can be at hand (found / guaranteed) to solve (resolve / tackle) the problem of…, but the common (general / public) recognition of (realization of / awareness of / commitment to) the necessity (importance / significance) of…might be the first step towards change (on the right way / in the right direction).
Following these methods (suggestions) may not guarantee the success in (solution to)…, but the pay-off will be worth the effort.
Obviously (Clearly / No doubt), if we ignore (are blind to) the problem, there is every chance that….
Unless there is a common realization of (general commitment to)…, it is very likely (the chances are good) that….
There is little doubt (no denying) that serious (special / adequate / immediate / further) attention must be called (paid / devoted) to the problem of….
It is necessary (essential / fundamental) that effective (quick / proper) action (steps /measures / remedies) should be taken to prevent (correct /check / end / fight) the situation (tendency / phenomenon).
It is hoped (suggested / recommended) that great (continuous / persistent / sustained / corporate) efforts should be made to control (check/ halt / promote) the growth (increase / rise) of….
It is hoped that great efforts should be directed to (expended on / focused on) finding (developing / improving)….
It remains to be seen whether…, but the prospect (outlook) is not quite encouraging (that rosy).
Anyhow, wider (more) education (publicity) should be given to the possible (potential / grave /serious / pernicious) consequences (effects) of….
To reverse (check / control) the trend (tendency) is not a light task (an easy job), and it requires (demands / involves / entails) a different state of mind towards (attitude towards / outlook on)….
For these reasons, I strongly recommend that….
For the reasons given above, I feel that….
4.段落扩展中的常用词语
1)总结关系过渡词语
generally speaking, generally, as a general rule, in general, on a larger scale, to take the idea further, to take the above opinion to an extreme, in a sense, in one sense, in a way, to some extent, in my opinion, in my view, as for me, as far as I am concerned, obviously, undoubtedly, in terms of, in conclusion, in short, in brief, in summary, in a word, on the whole, to sum up, to conclude
2)比较对比关系过渡词语
similarly, likewise, like, too, equally important, the same as, in common, in the same way, on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other hand, otherwise, in sharp contrast, whereas, rather than, conversely, instead, in/by contrast, but, however, yet, nevertheless
3)列举关系过渡词语
for example, for instance, as an example, as a case in point, such as, namely, that is, like, thus, first, second, third, finally, in the first place, initially, first of all, to begin with, to start with, what is more, furthermore, eventually, besides, in addition (to that), first and foremost, last but not least, next, also, moreover, for one thing, for another
4)因果关系过渡词语
because (of), as, since, for, owing to, due to, thanks to, on account of, as a result of, result in (from), consequently, for the reason that, as a consequence, consequently, if follows that, accordingly, therefore, hence
5)让步关系过渡词语
although, even though, after all, in spite of, despite, granted that
6)强调关系过渡词语
anyway, certainly, surely, obviously, to be sure, especially, particularly, above all, in deed, in fact, even worse, needless to say, most important of all, no doubt
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