动词不定式(一)
不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not to do”。不定式可以带宾语状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语可用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。
1. To see is to believe.(主语)
2. It is right to give up smoking.(主语)
3. He wanted to go.(宾语)
4. I find it interesting to work with him.(宾语)
5. I have some books for you to read.(定语)
6. I came here to see you.(状语)
7. The question is difficult to answer.(状语)
8. He is too old to do that. (状语)
9. The room is big enough to hold us.(状语)
10. To tell the truth, I don’t agree with you. (独立结构)
11. He gave the order to start the attack.(同位语)
在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make 等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to。但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时,就必须带to。
1. I often hear him sing the song.
He is often heard to sing the song.
2. They made the boy go to bed early.
The boy was made to go to bed early.
不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to。
1. She could do nothing but cry.
2. What do you like to do besides swim?
3. I have no choice but to go.
4. They desired nothing but to succeed.
在cannot but, cannot choose but 与cannot help but 之后的不定式一般不带to.
1. I cannot but admire his courage.
2. He could not choose but love her.
3. The cause could not help but be advanced today.
在would rather, would sooner, other than would rather…than 等之后用不带to的不定式。
1. I would rather go than stay.
2. No one could do other than admire it.
3. They would sooner go for a drink.
动词不定式作定语时,如果其与所修饰的名词或代词呈动宾关系时,即通常所谓的反射不定式,此时不定式的动词是不及物动词,或者所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。
1. There is nothing to worry about.
2. He is looking for a room to live in.
3. Please give me a knife to cut with.
4. I need a pen to write with.
但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way, 不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。
He had no money and no place to live.
动词不定式与疑问词who, which, when, where, how, what等连用,有句中起名词作用,可充当主语、表语、宾语等。
1. He didn’t know what to say.
2. How to solve the problem is very important.
3. My question is when to start.
4. I can tell you where to get this book.
有时疑问词前可用介词。
e.g. I have no idea of how to do it.
动词不定式在与why 连用时,只用于why 或why not开头的简短疑问句中,后面跟不带 to 的动词不定式。
1. Why talk so much about it?
2. Why not have a rest?
为了避免重复句子前面已经出现过的动词,不定式常可省去动词原形,只留下不定式符号to。
1. He may go if he wishes to.
2. Don’t go till I tell you to.
责任编辑:虫虫