Passage 3
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:
Is teaching important? Well, of course it is. There was a time when the necessary knowledge could be taught to the young by family members. But as societies became more complex and division of labor more common, it was impossible for family members to teach the information and skills young people needed to become useful members of the society. As the need for specialists appeared, the job of teaching came into being in our county, and teaching as a job has been of increasing importance over the past hundred years. Today, we have strict rules for teachers. We hope all children ca~ attend schools. Many things tell us that teaching is indeed an “important” job.
In recent years, there has been an increasing need for teachers to be “responsible ”. This means that the public expects teachers to succeed u teaching important information to the young. Teachers’ salaries today, while not much, certainly are much higher than they were in years past. These increases have come about because people have realized that without enough salaries, people who have abilities will not become teachers. Today almost no one says that “anybody will do” for a teacher. The public expects “quality people ” to teach the young, and progress is being made to give salaries that will make people who have abilities become teachers.
11. Before the job of teaching came into being, _________
A. young people had had to be self—educated
B. specialists had been in charge of teaching young people
C. family members had been responsible for the education of the young
D. the society had played an important role in educating young people
12. The job of teaching came into being mainly because of ________
A. The need for specialists
B. the explosion of information
C. the development of the society
D. the civilization of human beings
13. Teachers’ salaries are raised today in order to _________
A. show the importance of teaching as a job
B. improve the quality of public teaching
C. make teachers “responsible” in their teaching
D. attract more qualified people to become teachers
14. “Anybody will do” for a teacher means that _________
A. almost all people want to become a teacher
B. the job of teaching is so easy that everybody can do it
C. a teacher will do whatever he can for his students
D. a teacher is so highly respected that people all want to help him
15. We know from the passage that ________
A. teaching is a product of the society’s division of labor
B. enough salaries are necessary in making quality people become teachers
C. greater progress has to be made in teaching
D. It is important to be successful in teaching the young
Passage 4
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:
Though some people have suggested that women should return to housework in order to leave more jobs for men, the idea has been rejected by both women and men in public opinion polls(民意测验). Lately some union officials have suggested that too many women are employed in type of work more suitable fore men and that women should step aside to make way for unemployed young men. They argue that women — — especially women in their childbearing years actually delay economic development and result in lower productivity, poor quality and inefficiency.
To solve the problem, they have suggested that the working women stay at home while their husbands or brothers were given double wages. They argue that under these circumstances ~families would retain their same level of income, and women could run the house and raise children much better.
The suggestion has been rejected by 9 out of 10 people polled. A hundred persons in a big city were questioned last summer. Out of 50 women, 46 said they were unwilling to leave their jobs, no matter what the situation was. The other 4 said they would like to return home if their jobs could be taken by their sons or daughters. Of 50 men polled, only 6 said they would like to see their wives give up their jobs, if it meant higher wages for themselves.
Some other people have suggested another way died “phased employment theory ”. The theory suggests that a woman worker take leave from her job when she is seven months pregnant(妊娠) and stay off the job until her baby reaches the age of 3. It suggests that women on leave receive 75 percent of their normal salary and be allowed to return to work after the 3—year period. This will benefit children, women, their families and the society. Some of those polled, both women and men, felt the idea is a good one. It definitely seems to be more acceptable than the suggestion that women return to home forever.
16. Some union officials have suggested that women should return home because _________
A. all of them are employed in unsuitable types of work
B. their participation in work has a bad influence on the economic development
C. most skilled male workers are now unemployed
D. nowadays no one can take care of children except women
17. Some union officials have suggested that if women resign their jobs.
A. they should be allowed to attend school to be trained
B. their jobs should be taken over by the male members of their families
C. their children should also leave their kindergartens
D. the male employees in their families should receive double wages
18. According to the passage, the suggestion that women should return to housework was ________
A. welcomed by women only
B. welcomed by men only
C. opposed by most men and women
D. welcomed by men and women
19. From the passage we can see “phased employment” means ________
A. women are allowed to take leave form their jobs during their childbearing years
B. women stay at home on weekdays and go to work on weekends or holidays
C. a woman should resign her job forever if she has a child
D. two or more women share the same job
20. According to the “phased employment theory, during a woman’s leave from her job _________
A. her work should be done by her husband or brothers
B. her family’s income level will be a little lower than it normally is
C. her family can still keep the same level of income
D. either her husband or her brothers will be given double wages
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