Part I Reading Comprehension （30 %）
Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Passage 1
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:
（76）Much unfriendly feeling towards computers has been based on the fear of widespread unemployment resulting from their introduction. Computers are often used as part of automated production systems requiring a least possible number of operators, causing the loss of many jobs. This has happened, for example, in many steelworks.
On the other hand, computers do create jobs. They are more skilled and better paid, though fewer in number than those they replace. Many activities could not continue in their present form without computers, no matter how many people are employed. Examples are the check clearing system of major banks and the weather forecasting system.
When a firm introduces computers, a few people are usually employed in key posts （such as jobs of operations managers）while other staff are re-trained as operators, programmers, and data preparation staff. （77） After the new system has settled down people in non-computer jobs are not always replaced when they leave, resulting in a decrease in the number of employees. This decrease is sometimes balanced by a substantial increase in the activity of the firm, resulting from the introduction of computers.
The attitudes of workers towards computers vary. There is fear of widespread unemployment and of the takeover of many jobs by computer-trained workers, making promotion for older workers not skilled in computers more difficult.
On the other hand, many workers regard the trend toward wider use of computers inevitable. They realize that computers bring about greater efficiency and productivity, which will improve the condition of the whole economy, and lead to the creation of more jobs. This view was supported by the former British Prime Minister, James Callaghan in 1979, when he made the point that new technologies hold the key to increased productivity, which will benefit the economy in the long run.
1. The unfriendly feeling towards computers is developed from ．
A. the possible widespread unemployment caused by their introduction
B. their use as part of automated production systems
C. the least possible number of operators
D. the production system in steelworks
2. The underlined word They （Line 1, Par. 2） refers to ．
A. computers
B. jobs
C. activities
D. systems
3. According to Paragraph 2, without computers ．
A. human activities could not continue
B. there could not be weather forecasting systems
C. many activities would have to change their present form
D. banks would not be able to go on with check clearing
4. According to the passage,what results from the introduction of computers？
A. After re-training, all employees in the firm get new jobs.
B. A considerable proportion of people are employed in key posts.
C. The firm keeps all of its original staff members.
D. The decrease in staff members may be balanced by the increase of firm activities.
5. James Callaghan's attitude towards computers can be best described as ．
A. doubtful
B. regretful
C. unfriendly
D. supportive
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