2010年英语考研新题型部分难度较以前难度增加了很多。首先，新题型以排序形式出现还是第一次，而且在题型上和大纲里的排序题也有所差别。按照以往的经验，大纲里排序题一般会给出五个段落，把次序打乱再进行排序即可，而今年的排序要求学生从六个选项中排除一个干扰项再把其余的选项进行排序，这样来说，今年的新题型有一定的新颖性在里面;其次，大纲中的排序题给出两个已知段落，一般是首尾段，再根据已知的段落进行五选五排序，而今年的排序题只给出来了一个已知选项，而且这个已知选项是倒数第二段，这样给考生解题就带来了很大的难度。
另外，从题目的取材方面来说，这篇文章是一篇经济类的文章，摘自2003年第一期《麦肯锡周刊》(The Mckinsey Quartly)本文下方附有原文的链接，可供考生参考，11界的考生也需要关注国外类似的杂志。这本杂志已经是第二次被考研英语命题专家选为命题的素材库了。整个文章主要描述目前欧洲的消费品零售商在欧洲面临的发展停滞的问题，但他们却忽视了在他们身边一个潜在的市场以及消费者习惯发生改变的事实。
最后通过和原文对比就会发现，考研命题专家在出题的时侯把原文的段落进行了组合和删减速。原文中一段在考题中变成了两段，而原文中的末尾在考题中又和下一段接在了一起，形成了一个新的段落，这样给考生解题带来了非常大的困难。以下附上的是新题型原文以及考研新题型真题，大家可以做以比较，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
A wholesale shift in European groceries
1、BRetail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad, often with more. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need。
2、FWholesale food and drink sales in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom (together representing about three-quarters of the European market) came to �166 billion ($167.9 billion) in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate. 3、D All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence。
Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap substantial gains thereby
At least, that is how it looks in the aggregate. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too. 4、G But none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large food producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains。
A map of wholesaling
5、E Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries we have examined closely—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores, which unlike large retail chains are too small to buy direct from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don’t eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as "horeca": hotels, restaurants, and cafés (or, in some countries, catering)。
On the supply side, there are two types of wholesalers. Cash-and-carry ones operate stores, similar to warehouses, where they sell food and drink, mostly to traditional retailers and smaller horeca. Customers select and take away their purchases themselves. Delivery wholesalers, by contrast, deliver goods from their warehouses direct to their customers, mostly midsize or large food service operators. Both types of wholesalers abound in each food category, but delivery wholesalers are particularly numerous; generally small, local family businesses, they supply 50 to 60 percent of the market in all countries. Cash-and-carry outlets serve 10 to 20 percent of it, and other intermediaries, such as retail hypermarkets and a few food manufacturers, supply the rest。
Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the aggregate figures mask two opposing trends. 6、AThe first and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out: consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005 (Exhibit 1). This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Moreover, demographic change—particularly the increase in the proportion of older, wealthier people in the population—will probably sustain this pattern。
Part B
Directions:
For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the first A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to from a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which dose not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)
[A]The first and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative。
[B]Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need。
[C]Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy .At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold。
[D]All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too。
[E]Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don’t eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”： hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends。
[F]For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate。
[G]However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains。
41 →42→43→44→E→45
解析：
2010年考研的英语试题在新题型部分，出现了比较不常见的排序题，这完全在我们的预料之中。今年的排序题在题型上和传统的排序题还有所差别。题目要求中明确指出，需要从A到G的7个段落中选取最合适的段落组成一篇连贯的文章，其中E段(倒数第二段，非首段)的位置已经给出，有一个段落是干扰项。
排序题的做题步骤及本题的解题过程如下：
1、通读文章首段，了解主旨大意;
注：鉴于这篇文章并未给出首段，该步骤可以省略。
2、通读各个段落，了解段落大意(或段落讲解的核心概念)，更重要的是要标出各段首尾句的关联特征及段中明显的标志词，如代词、表示转承关系的逻辑词、同根同义词等。如：
A段：the first and more important … meanwhile…consumer’s growing preference for eating out; consumption of food and drink has risen与recession, people getting anxious, eating at home前后有对比对立的关系。
B段：retail sales of food and drink are at a standstill But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their won backyard: the whole food and drink trade,…(该句中既含有转折连词but，又含有特殊标点符号冒号，标志明显，是需要重点关注的句子)
先提出问题，but后面提到了可能的解决办法，这像不像我们阅读文章的第一段呢?
C段：最明显的标志有：such variation，如果该段入选，前面一定提到了variation。段落中心即为段落第一句话：这些不同是否会带来食物和饮料市场总体结构的变化呢?重点谈变化D段：这一段很难读懂，但首末句却并不难读，且标志明显。
首句：All in all, this clearly seems to be a market …含有all in all(我们反复强调，finally, all in all不一定在全文的最后，可能是中间某几段含义的总结，只能说总体靠后)和指示代词this。
末句：New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too。
E段：关注首末句和中间带冒号的句子
首句主干：Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets are made out of the same building blocks。
中间句主干：Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent
mom-and-pop grocery stores and food service operators
末句：Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the
same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures mask two opposing trends. 注意到“two opposing trends”了吗?
F段：首句：for example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion, more than 40 percent of retail saleswholesale food and drink的销量及需求之大。
G段：重点：however——转承关系
these requirements——指代及与前文词义的承接
3. 把明显可以连接在一起的段落放在一起，如：
根据G段的these requirements可以很容易找到D段的末句New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.，故G段应该排在D段之后，即顺序为：DG
根据B段的末句中谈到的“大的有利可图的机会”the wholesale food and drink trade，很容易将F段排在其后，因为F段整个在讲wholesale food and drink的销量及需求之大。即顺序为：BF。并且B项先提出问题，but后面提到了可能的解决办法，基本会出现在阅读文章的第一段。
根据已知段落E中的重点信息variations, two opposing trends等，可以推知其后的段落为A或C项，对比一下两个选项，A项与E项末尾的two opposing trends衔接紧密，且内容一致，故顺序为：EA，C项为干扰项。
4. 将排出的几个部分连接在一起，得出最终答案。
现在已经排出三个顺序，将文章分为三部分：DG段、BF段(考前)、EA段(靠后)，基本可以确定最后顺序：BFDGEA，检查发现，F段和D段紧密衔接，D段中的this指代the wholesale food and drink trade。
综上所述，新题型看似很难，但并不可怕，应用好了各个段落中的关联特征(包括指代关联、转承关联、词义关联、数字关联等)，读懂几个关键点的句子(重点是首末句，带有转承关系的句子，带有特殊标点的句子等)，即使读不懂全文，也能顺利解决问题，重点在于做题步骤和方法。
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