本句比较长,首先分析其结构:a man是主语;“surrounded by … smoke”是分词的后置定语;considers是主要谓语动词;that引导宾语从句;从句中“jumping…window”是动名词做主语;is是系动词;“an acceptable risk”是表语;to save its life是risk的定语。此句意为:“一个被火焰和浓烟包围的人一般认为跳出二楼窗户是救他的命的一个可以承受的冒险办法。”因而这里life指的是这个人的life,代词its用错了,要改为his。这属于代词与先行词一致性方面的错误。
73 are ∧ really → not
本句语法上没有错误,但是从上下文的理解来看,本句应是否定含义,不是肯定含义。从句首的“But”转折连词判断,上文提到跳窗户救命是关系生死的大事,但是在医学上,一些实验、程序等等却不是关系生死的事情。“a matter of life and death”是“涉及生死的事情”。此处属于篇章理解错误。
remain:保持、仍然,是一个表示状态的动词,其用法和系动词“be”相似,后面所接成分一般是名词或形容词,作表语。例如:He remains silent all through the night.leave是“留下,留给”的意思,是及物动词。leave sth.to sb:把某物留给某人。例如:Please leave the reference book to me.本句很明显是leave …to …的句型,所以应把remain改成leave。这是易混词错误。
Punctuality(准时) means observing(遵守) regular or ap-
pointed time. A man who gets up at seven o’clock every morn-
ing is punctual. A man who has permitted to call on a friend at 71. _______
five o’clock in the afternoon and actually does such at that hour 72. ______
is also punctual.
Punctuality is a good habit, and unpunctuality is a bad
one. A few minutes delay may not be a serious matter. 73. _______
But it may have bad results. Getting up five minutes later than
usually may upset the plan of the day. 74. ____
Call on a friend five minutes later than the appointed time may 75. _______
cause him some unexpected trouble. Nevertheless, habitual un- 76._______
punctuality leads to indolence(懒惰) and even failure in life.
One delay after another makes a man unable to exert himself. It
also proves him be untrustworthy. 77._______
Those who are unpunctual should try their best to get rid
from their bad habit. In doing this, they should avoid making 78. ______
any kind of exception. They should ever say to themselves:“A 79.______
few minutes’ delay does not matter this time. I shall never be
unpunctual again.” Those who think in this way will find excus-
es for delay from time to time, and will at least give up the at-
tempt cultivating the good habit of punctuality. 80. ______
Like all other good habits, punctuality becomes second na-
ture with those who have duly cultivated it.
[注释]
71 permitted → promised
permit作为动词,是“允许”的意思,常用于词组permit sb. to do sth.:允许某人做某事。根据上下文,此处应译为:“一个许诺下午五点钟拜访一位朋友,而事实上也做到了这一点的人是准时的”。这里所表达的意思是“许诺”,不是“允许”,应用promise,并且promise to do sth.是“许诺做某事”的意思,从语法上也符合。此句是易混词错误。
72 such → so
such和so的共同点在于两者都是代词,都是“这样”的意思。区别在于such不能单独代替某成份,而so可以独立代替前文所提及的事。如此句中does such a thing = does so,但是does such却不符合语法。本句属于代词误用错误。