解题：题干中的America’s health system一下子将答案指向了第三段。重点在于第二句话开始的转折，看来作者认为美国卫生系统比较低效率。所以答案也就成为A。
49.It is implied in the passage that_________.
A. America’s health system has its strengths and weaknesses
B. the US government pays medical bills for the poor and the elderly
C. some 46 million Americans do not have medical insurance
D. Europeans benefit a lot from America’s medical research
解题：表面上这是一道面向全文的推理题，但是从此题所处的位置来说很有可能答案句出现在第四段当中。考生遇到这种情况，完全可以先处理最后一道题，如果发现最后一道题目的答案句出现在最后一段的话，那么就可以确定这个49题的答案必然在倒数第二段当中。果然，阅读第二段的结果可以确定出答案为D。另外，很多考生被选项C所迷惑，要知道这个选项应该是细节题的答案，而因为此题属于“推理题”，故而答案必不能是文章中直接的细节改写。所以排除选项C。
50. From the last paragraph we may learn that the “socialized medicine” is____________.
A. a practice of Canada and Europe
B. a policy adopted by the US government
C. intended for the retiring baby-boomers
D. administered by private enterprises
解题：此题比较简单，属于细节题的范畴，而且答案出处明确，为A。
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:
When Thomas Keller, one of America’s foremost chefs, announced that on Sept. I he would abolish the practice of tipping at Per Se. his luxury restaurant in New York City, and replace it with European-style service charge, I knew three groups would be opposed: customers, servers and restaurant owners. These three groups are all committed to tipping——as they quickly made clear on Web sites. To oppose tipping , it seems, is to be anticapitalist , and maybe even a little French..
But Mr. Keller is right to move away from tipping—and it’s worth exploring why just about everyone else in the restaurant world is wrong to stick with the practice.
Customers believe in tipping because they think it makes economic sense.“Waiters know that they won’t get paid if they don’t do a good job”is how most advocates of the system would put it. To be sure, this is a tempting, apparently rational statement about economic theory, but it appears to have little applicability to the real world of restaurants.
Michael Lynn, an associate professor of consumer behavior and marketing at Cornell’s School of Hotel Administration, has conducted dozens of students of tipping and has concluded that consumers assessments of the quality of service correlate weakly to the amount they tip.
Rather, customers are likely to tip more in response to servers touching them lightly and leaning forward next to the table to make conversation than to how often their water glass is refilled——in other words, customers tip more when they like the server, not when the service is good. Mr. Lynn’s studies also indicate that male customers increase their tips for female servers while female customers increase their tips for male servers,.
What’s more,. consumers seem to forget that the tip increases as the bill increases. Thus, the tipping system is an open invitation to what restaurant professionals call “upwelling”: every bottle of imported water, every espresso and every cocktail is extra money in the server’s pocket. Aggressive upwelling for tips is often rewarded while low-key, quality service often goes unrecognized.
In addition , the practice of tip pooling , which is the norm in fine-dining restaurants and is becoming more in every kind of restaurant above the level of a greasy spoon , has ruined whatever effect voting with your tip might have had on an individual waiter . In an unreasonable outcome , you are punishing the good waiters in the restaurant by not tipping the bad one . Indeed , there appear to be little connection between tipping and good service .
51.It may be inferred that a European-style service______.
A . is tipping-free B .charges little tip
C .is the author’s initiative D .is offered at Per-se
这道题的定位在原文第一段。选项AB不难看出是对立的。C项明显错误，不要小费的是Thomas Keller 。D项虽然对，但是这是原文中明确给出的细节，题目要求的是从文章inferred出来，所以D项不能选。
52.Which of the following is NOT true according to the author .
A .Tipping is a common practice in the restaurant world.
B .Waiters don’t care about tipping
C .Customers generally believe in tipping.
D .Tipping has little connection with the quality of service.
这道题是个细节列举题，B选项明显错误，原文定位在第一段，作者明确指出，反对这一做法的有三类人，一是顾客，二是服务员，三是餐馆经营者。A选项呼应的是原文第一段的abolish一词。C选项是原文第三段第一句话的重现。D选项实际上是解释C选项的原因，是第三段第二句话中的同义表达。
53.According to Michael Lynn’s studies, waiters will likely get more tips if they______
A. have performed good service
B. frequently refill customers’ water glass
C. win customers’ favor
D. serve customers of the same sex
责任编辑：小草
