GRE外语考试经典试题(5)
来源:优易学  2010-1-27 10:18:09   【优易学:中国教育考试门户网】   资料下载   外语书店
Time-30 minutes

  38 Questions

  1. Although sales have continued to increase since last April, unfortunately the rate of increase has ——。

  (A) resurged

  (B) capitulated

  (C) retaliated

  (D) persevered

  (E) decelerated

  2. Although the mental process that creates a fresh and original poem or drama is doubtless —— that which originates and elaborates scientific discoveries, there is clearly a discernible difference between the crea- tors

  (A) peripheral to

  (B) contiguous with

  (C) opposed to

  (D) analogous to

  (E) inconsistent with

  3. It is disappointing to note that the latest edition of the bibliography belies its long-standing reputation for —— by —— some significant references to recent publications.

  (A) imprecision…… appropriating

  (B) relevance…… adding

  (C) timeliness…… updating

  (D) meticulousness…… revising

  (E) exhaustiveness…… omitting

  4. Although Simpson was ingenious at —— to appear innovative and spontaneous, beneath the ruse he remained uninspired and rigid in his approach to problem-solving.

  (A) intending

  (B) contriving

  (C) forbearing

  (D) declining

  (E) deserving

  5. She was criticized by her fellow lawyers not because she was not ——, but because she so —— pre- pared her cases that she failed to bring the expected number to trial.

  (A) well versed…… knowledgeably

  (B) well trained…… enthusiastically

  (C) congenial…… rapidly

  (D) hardworking…… minutely

  (E) astute…… efficiently

  6. Schlesinger has recently assumed a conciliatory atti- tude that is not —— by his colleagues, who con- tinue to —— compromise.

  (A) eschewed…… dread

  (B) shared…… defend

  (C) questioned…… reject

  (D) understood…… advocate

  (E) commended…… disparage

  7. The National Archives contain information so ——that researchers have been known never to publish because they cannot bear to bring their studies to an end.

  (A) divisive

  (B) seductive

  (C) selective

  (D) repetitive

  (E) resourceful

  8. HILL: MOUNTAIN::

  (A) grass: rocks

  (B) autumn: winter

  (C) creek: river

  (D) star: sun

  (E) cliff: slope

  9. AERATE: OXYGEN::

  (A) eclipse: light

  (B) desiccate: moisture

  (C) precipitate: additive

  (D) hydrate: water

  (E) striate: texture

  10. ORCHESTRA: MUSICIAN:

  (A) cube: side

  (B) kilometer: meter

  (C) sonnet: poem

  (D) biped: foot

  (E) pack: wolf

  11. EQUIVOCATION: MISLEADING::

  (A) mitigation: severe

  (B) advice: peremptory

  (C) bromide: hackneyed

  (D) precept: obedient

  (E) explanation: unintelligible

  12. CENSORSHIP: COMMUNICATION::

  (A) propaganda: ideology

  (B) preservative: decay

  (C) revision: accuracy

  (D) rest: atrophy

  (E) exercise: fitness

  13. BUS: PASSENGERS:

  (A) flock: birds

  (B) tanker: liquid

  (C) envelope: letter

  (D) bin: coal

  (E) automobile: gasoline

  14. BALLAD: STANZA::

  (A) novel: chapter

  (B) poem: meter

  (C) play: dialogue

  (D) movie: script

  (E) photograph: caption

  15. DISABUSE: FALLACY::

  (A) cure: disease

  (B) persevere: dereliction

  (C) belittle: imperfection

  (D) discredit: reputation

  (E) discern: discrimination

  16. BLANDISHMENT: CAJOLE::

  (A) prediction: convince

  (B) obstacle: impede

  (C) embellishment: praise

  (D) deficiency: compensate

  (E) compliment: exaggerate

  Although the hormone adrenaline is known to regulate memory storage, it does not pass from the blood into brain cells. We are faced with an apparent paradox: how can a hormone that does not act directly on the brain have such a(5)large effect on brain function?

  Recently, we tested the possibility that one of the hormone's actions outside the brain might be responsible. Since one consequence of adrenaline release in an animal is an increase in blood glucose levels, we examined the(10)effects of glucose on memory in rats. We found that glu- cose injected immediately after training enhances memory tested the next day. Additional evidence was provided by negative findings: drugs called adrenergic antagonists,which block peripheral adrenaline receptors, disrupted(15)adrenaline's ability to regulate memory but did not affect memory enhancements produced by glucose that was not stimulated by adrenaline. These results are as they should be if adrenaline affects memory modulation by increasing blood glucose levels.

  17.The primary purpose of the passage is to

  (A) reconcile two opposing theories

  (B) compare two different explanations for a phe- nomenon

  (C) describe experimental research that appears to support an unpopular theory

  (D) present evidence that may help to resolve an apparent contradiction

  (E) describe a hypothesis that has cause a con- troversy

  18.It can be inferred from the passage that the author would most likely describe the “additional evidence”

  (line 12) provided by experiments with adrenergic antagonists as

  (A) revolutionary

  (B) disappointing

  (C) incomplete

  (D) unexpected

  (E) corroborative

  19.The passage provides information about which of the following topics?

  (A) The mechanism by which glucose affects memory storage

  (B) The evidence that prompted scientist to test the effects of adrenaline on memory regulation

  (C) The reason that the effects of glucose on memory were tested

  (D) The ways that memory storage modifies the struc- ture of the brain

  (E) The kinds of training used to test memory enhance- ment in rats

  20.The author refers to the results of the experiment using adrenergic antagonists as “negative findings” (line 13)

  most likely because the adrenergic antagonists

  (A) failed to disrupt adrenaline's effect on memory

  (B) did not affect glucose's ability to enhance memory.

  (C) did not block adrenaline's ability to increase blood glucose levels

  (D) only partially affected adrenaline's ability to enhance memory

  (E) disrupted both adrenaline's and glucose's effect on memory

  The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent research into the moral development of children. Until recently,(5)child psychologists supported pioneer developmentalist Jean. Piaget in his hypothesis that because of their immaturity,children under age seven do not take into account the inten- tions of a person committing accidental or deliberate harm,but rather simply assign punishment for transgressions on(10)the basis of the magnitude of the negative consequences caused. According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first stage of moral development, which is char- acterized by moral absolutism (rules made by authorities must be obeyed) and imminent justice (if rules are broken,(15)punishment will be meted out)。 Until young children mature,their moral judgments are based entirely on the effect rather than the cause of a transgression. However, in recent research, Keasey found that six- year-old children not only distinguish between accidental and intentional harm, but(20)also judge intentional harm as naughtier, regardless of the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second stage of moral develop- ment, moral autonomy, in which they accept social rules(25)but view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage.

  Keasey's research raises two key questions for develop- mental psychologists about children under age seven: do they recognize justifications for harmful actions, and do(30)they make distinctions between harmful acts that are pre- ventable and those acts that have unforeseen harmful con- sequences? Studies indicate that justifications excusing harmful actions might include public duty,self-defense, and provocation. For example, Nesdale and Rule concluded that(35)children were capable of considering whether or not an aggressor's action was justified by public duty: five year olds reacted very differently to “Bonnie wrecks Ann's pretend house” depending on whether Bonnie did it “so somebody won't fall over it” or because Bonnie wanted “to(40)make Ann feel bad.”Thus, a child of five begins to under- stand that certain harmful actions, though intentional, can be justified; the constraints of moral absolutism no longer solely guide their judgments.

  Psychologists have determined that during kindergarten(45)children learn to make subtle distinctions involving harm. Darley observed that among acts involving unintentional harm, six-year-old children just entering kindergarten could not differentiate between foreseeable, and thus preventable,harm and unforeseeable harm for which the perpetrator(50)cannot be blamed. Seven months later, however, Darley found that these same children could make both distinc- tions, thus demonstrating that they had become morally autonomous.

  21.Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?

  (A) An outline for future research

  (B) An expanded definition of commonly misunder- stood terms

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