根据英汉两种语言的特点,翻译中的常见方法有增词法、减词法、转化法、分译法和合译法等等。具体翻译技巧如下:
I.增词法:为了适应汉语的表达习惯,适当地添加或补充在意义上、修饰上和语法上的隐含的部分。 如:
1. … with her hands 双手
a) A runner from Kenya has won the 42km Boston Marathon. 长跑选手
b) If… ,… 如果……, 那么……
c) …, because … 因为……, 所以……
d) although …, … 虽然……, 但是……
e) …, but… 虽然……, 但是……
f) …, unless… 除非……, 否则……
g) only to do (find ) 表失望、惋惜、不悦、难堪、悲惨等负面效果和情感
Mr. Green ran all the way up to the station only to find that the train had left 15 minutes before.
He hurried to the house only to find that it was empty.
A new kind of aircraft-small, cheap, pilotless-is attracting increasing attention.
It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.
II.减词法:又称省略法,即减去不符合汉语表达的英语词语
1. After getting up, I wash my face, brush my teeth, and comb my hair.
2. Hurry up or you will miss your train.
1. If I had asked for directions, I wouldn’t have gotten lost.
2. It is raining.
3. It’s true that she’s ill
4. She found it difficult to get along with him.
5. Where there is a will, there is a way.
6. There is no doubt that we’ll win.
III、转化法:指翻译时将英语单词的词性或句子成分作适当地转换或调整
1. 句子成分的转换
1) You may have another three minutes.
2) The baby doubled its weight in a year.
3) Floating on water, a ship displaces an amount of water equal to the weight of the
4) sooner or later
5) sum total
6) export and import
7) long thin leg
8) Chinese American
9) the four northern islands
10) popular modern songs
11) English speaking country
12) track and field
13) young and old
4. 词义引申法
引申是指从原词的内在含义出发,结合语境和汉语表达习惯,在译文中对某些词作一定的语义引申,以达到忠实、通顺的目的。英译汉时,我们常常会遇到这样的情况:有些词按词典上所给的词义来翻译,就会使译文生硬难懂,甚至与原义相悖,造成意思上的曲解。常用的引申法有下面几种:
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