NOTES
[1] 总线不仅仅是一组线缆,它还包括一些逻辑电路。此处是一种形象说法。
[2] 因为没有给出总线宽度,故每次传送可以理解为每秒钟或每分钟所传送的字节数、字数等。
KEYWORDS
computer 计算机
input device 输入设备
output device 输出设备
information processing 信息处理
hardware 硬件
software 软件
main memory 主存储器
central processing unit(CPU)中央处理器
program 程序
bus 总线
general-purpose machine 通用(计算)机
microcomputer 微型计算机
special-purpose machine 专用(计算)机
minicomputer 小型计算机
instruction 指令
mainframe 主机,特大型机
set of instruction 指令集,指令系统
EXERCISES
1. Multiple choices.
(1)When we store a problem into a computer,()is necessary.
a. space
b. time
c. input device
d. output device
(2)Early computer solved () problems.
a. control
b. business applications
c. engineering
d. mathematical
(3)We can use prefix micro to express ()
a. time metric
b. space metric
c. both time and space metrics
d. 10-6
(4)We can say a bus is simply ()
a. a group of wires
b. a wire
c. a 8-bit bus
d. a 16-bit bus
(5)A computer system user generally more cares for ()
a. physical size of the computer
b. storage size
c. speed of computation
d. efficiency of the computer
(6)According to the physical size of computers we can classify the computers into ()
a. microcomputer
b. minicomputer
c. mainframe
d. supercomputer
(7)Prefix“mega”used for computer science is ()
a. larger than 106
b. smaller than 106
c. equal to 220
d. 1 048 576
(8)The basic hardware components of any computer include ()
a. CPU
b. main memory
c. input devices
d. output devices
2. Fill in the blank with appropriate words or phrases found behind this exercise.
(1)A computer system solves a problem by ()
(2)The amount of effective work of a computer can be indicated by () directly.
(3)Computer systems consist of ()
(4)Computer that can solve only one kind of problem is a ()
(5)Computer that can solve many different kinds of problems is a
(6)()instruct the hardware.
(7)()is difficult and expensive to change.
(8)We usually show the computer components in a ()
a. general-purpose machine
b. hardware
c. accepting input,processing problem,and producing output
d. block diagram
e. software
f. storage size
g. special-purpose machine
h. hardware and software
Answer:1.(1)a,c (2)c,d (3)a,d (4)a,c,d
(5)b,c,d (6)a,b,c,d (7)c,d (8)a,b,c,d
2.(1)c (2)f (3)h (4)g
(5)a (6)e (7)b (8)d
责任编辑:小草